Tcpdump

Basic Commands

Capture packets on a specific interface:
```
tcpdump -i eth0
```
Capture only a specific number of packets:
```
tcpdump -c 10
```
Write capture to a file:
```
tcpdump -w capture.pcap
```
Read packets from a file:
```
tcpdump -r capture.pcap
```

Filtering Options

Filter by host:
```
tcpdump host 192.168.1.1
```
Filter by source IP:
```
tcpdump src 192.168.1.1
```
Filter by destination IP:
```
tcpdump dst 192.168.1.1
```
Filter by port:
```
tcpdump port 80
```
Filter by source port:
```
tcpdump src port 80
```
Filter by destination port:
```
tcpdump dst port 80
```
Filter by protocol:
```
tcpdump tcp
tcpdump udp
```

Advanced Filtering

Capture only TCP packets with a specific flag:
```
tcpdump 'tcp[tcpflags] & tcp-syn != 0'
```
Capture packets larger than a specific size:
```
tcpdump 'greater 1024'
```
Capture packets with a specific string in the payload:
```
tcpdump -A | grep 'string'
```

Display Options

Verbose output:
```
tcpdump -v
```
More verbose output:
```
tcpdump -vv
```
Most verbose output:
```
tcpdump -vvv
```
Print in ASCII:
```
tcpdump -A
```
Print in HEX and ASCII:
```
tcpdump -X
```

Time Options

Capture packets for a specific duration:

tcpdump -G 60 -w capture-%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.pcap

Add timestamp to output:
```
tcpdump -tttt
```

Extracting Files (Images, Videos, Docs)

Capture packets and save to a file:
```
tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap
```
Use tcpflow to reconstruct the TCP stream:
```
tcpflow -r capture.pcap
```
This will create files in the format of 192.168.1.1.00080-192.168.1.2.12345 representing the data flow between these IPs and ports.
Identify and extract files:
- Images: Identify JPEG, PNG, or other image file signatures (e.g., JPEG starts with \xff\xd8 and ends with \xff\xd9).
  grep -a -o -b --binary-files=text -E "\xff\xd8|\xff\xd9" 192.168.1.1.00080-192.168.1.2.12345
- Videos: Look for video file signatures (e.g., MP4 files start with ftyp).
  grep -a -o -b --binary-files=text -E "ftyp" 192.168.1.1.00080-192.168.1.2.12345
- Documents: Identify document file signatures (e.g., PDF files start with %PDF).
  grep -a -o -b --binary-files=text -E "%PDF" 192.168.1.1.00080-192.168.1.2.12345
Reassemble files: Use a hex editor like xxd or bless to cut the identified bytes and save them as separate files. For example, to extract a JPEG image:
```
xxd -r -p <start_byte>-<end_byte> 192.168.1.1.00080-192.168.1.2.12345 > image.jpg
```
Verify and open the extracted files: Open the extracted files using appropriate viewers to verify their integrity.

Additional Tools

Scapy: Python library to read, write, and manipulate pcap files.

from scapy.all import *

packets = rdpcap('capture.pcap')
for packet in packets:
    if Raw in packet:
        data = packet[Raw].load
        # Further processing to identify and extract files

Wireshark: GUI-based tool to analyze pcap files and extract objects directly.
- Open the pcap file in Wireshark.
- Go to File -> Export Objects -> HTTP (or other relevant protocol).

By using these commands and techniques, you can effectively utilize tcpdump for network analysis and extract various types of files from captured network traffic.

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Last updated 9 months ago

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